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error.js

An error file defines an error UI boundary for a route segment.

It is useful for catching unexpected errors that occur in Server Components and Client Components and displaying a fallback UI.

app/dashboard/error.tsx

'use client' // Error components must be Client Components
 
import { useEffect } from 'react'
 
export default function Error({
  error,
  reset,
}: {
  error: Error & { digest?: string }
  reset: () => void
}) {
  useEffect(() => {
    // Log the error to an error reporting service
    console.error(error)
  }, [error])
 
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Something went wrong!</h2>
      <button
        onClick={
          // Attempt to recover by trying to re-render the segment
          () => reset()
        }
      >
        Try again
      </button>
    </div>
  )
}

Props

`error`

An instance of an Error object forwarded to the error.js Client Component.

`error.message`

The error message.

For errors forwarded from Client Components, this will be the original Error's message.
For errors forwarded from Server Components, this will be a generic error message to avoid leaking sensitive details. errors.digest can be used to match the corresponding error in server-side logs.

`error.digest`

An automatically generated hash of the error thrown in a Server Component. It can be used to match the corresponding error in server-side logs.

A function to reset the error boundary. When executed, the function will try to re-render the Error boundary's contents. If successful, the fallback error component is replaced with the result of the re-render.

Can be used to prompt the user to attempt to recover from the error.

Good to know:

error.js boundaries must be Client Components.

In Production builds, errors forwarded from Server Components will be stripped of specific error details to avoid leaking sensitive information.

An error.js boundary will not handle errors thrown in a layout.js component in the same segment because the error boundary is nested inside that layouts component.

To handle errors for a specific layout, place an error.js file in the layouts parent segment.

To handle errors within the root layout or template, use a variation of error.js called app/global-error.js.

`global-error.js`

To specifically handle errors in root layout.js, use a variation of error.js called app/global-error.js located in the root app directory.

app/global-error.tsx

'use client'
 
export default function GlobalError({
  error,
  reset,
}: {
  error: Error & { digest?: string }
  reset: () => void
}) {
  return (
    <html>
      <body>
        <h2>Something went wrong!</h2>
        <button onClick={() => reset()}>Try again</button>
      </body>
    </html>
  )
}

Good to know:

global-error.js replaces the root layout.js when active and so must define its own <html> and <body> tags.

While designing error UI, you may find it helpful to use the React Developer Tools to manually toggle Error boundaries.

not-found.js

The not-found file is used to render UI when the notFound() function is thrown within a route segment.

Version History

Version	Changes
`v13.1.0`	`global-error` introduced.
`v13.0.0`	`error` introduced.